Defense of the dissertation of Kosparmakova Samal Akhmetaliyevna for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in the educational program «8D07361 - Production of building materials, products and structures»
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, a dissertation defense for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Kosparmakova Samal Akhmetaliyevna on the topic «Asphalt Binder Modification for High Performance Asphalt Concrete Pavements» to the educational program «8D07361 – Production of building materials, products and structures».
The dissertation was carried out at the Department of «Technology of Industrial and Civil Engineering» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.
The language of defense is kazakh.
Official reviewers:
Aitkalieva Gulzat Slyashevna – PhD, associate professor of the Department of Chemistry and Bioсhemistry of the NJSC «K.I. Satpayev Kazakh National Research Technical University» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan);
Elshibaev Aidos Oralgazhievich – PhD, director of the LLP «Scientific and production organization «GO Invest» (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan).
Temporary members of the Dissertation Council:
Teltaev Bagdat Burkhanbayuly – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Chief Researcher at the Academician U.A. Dzholdasbekov Institute of Mechanics and Engineering (Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan);
Chang-Song Sean – PhD, associate professor of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan);
Murat Karacasu – PhD, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Construction, Eskisehir Osmangazi University (Eskisehir, Turkey).
Scientific consultants:
Kalieva Zhanar Eralinovna – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Acting Associate Professor of the Department of «Technology of Industrial and Civil Construction» L.N. Gumilyov ENU (Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan);
Dr. Murat Güler – Ph.D., Professor of the Department of Civil Engineering at Middle East Technical University (Ankara, Turkey).
The defense will take place on June 06, 2024, at 03:00 PM in the Dissertation Council for the training direction «8D073 – Architecture and Civil engineering» in the educational program «8D07361 – Production of building materials, products and structures» of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The defense meeting is planned to be held in a mixed (offline and online) format.
Link: http://surl.li/tkwdq
Address: Astana, K. Satpayev str. 2, Educational and administrative building, auditorium No. 302.
Abstract (English): Thesis work of Kosparmakova Samal «Asphalt Binder Modification for High Performance Asphalt Concrete Pavements», submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on the educational program «8D07361 – Production of building materials, products and structures». The goal of the thesis research: This study focuses on analyzing the efficiency of constructing and repairing asphalt concrete pavements by incorporating new technology, developing specific technological solutions, and recommending modifications to the asphalt binder using polymers. The study aims to improve the service life of road surfaces in Kazakhstan. This study focuses on the utilization of recently introduced polymers in our country, along with the investigation of the advanced Superpave technology. Superpave is widely recognized as the most cutting-edge method for designing asphalt concrete mixtures, considering the impact of climatic factors on their performance. Research objectives: Assessment of current technologies in global road building and their shared characteristics, followed by a comparison with technologies used in our country. Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the climatic conditions in Kazakhstan, specifically focusing on the impact of various climatic elements on the state of the road surface. The objective is to investigate the process of blending polymers with asphalt binder and examine the impact of polymers on the properties of the asphalt binder. Performing an empirical investigation to examine the correlation between the composition, structure, and physical-mechanical characteristics of the asphalt binder by the use of polymer modification. Conducting experimental study on asphalt binder using the new Superpave technology. The objective is to examine the structure of asphalt concrete composition using Superpave technology and compare it with the local approach of designing asphalt concrete composition. The object of the study is the composition of the asphalt-concrete pavement used on roads in Kazakhstan. Research Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted. The following materials were used as the main material for the study: road bitumen from two different plants in Kazakhstan, BND 70/100 ("Shymkent Bitumen") from Shymkent and BND 100/130 ("PNHZ") from Pavlodar, and the first polymer crushed as a modifier, SBS l 30-01AS index by SIBUR, manufactured in Russia, melting point 122 °C, ash content, % by weight - calcium stearate ≤0.3, silicon dioxide ≤1.2; tensile strength ≥14,7 MPa; viscosity 25°C 5,23% toluene solution 14±5°C temperature of asphalt concrete mixture 155-175°C and recommended by the company dosage is 0,4-0,6% of asphalt concrete mixture; diameter of Titan 7686 granules as a second polymer (0,1. . ..1.0) 1033 mm; the amount of styrene is 31 wt%; density is 0.94 g/cm3; flexural modulus is 2.9 MPa; relative elongation at break is 880% and is produced by Honeywell Belgium NV, and the third polymer is styrene-butadiene-highly concentrated aqueous dispersion (latex) liquid mixture Butonal NS, which is a product of BASF asphalt company in the USA, particle composition 63. ...65%; pH-5,0...6,5%; material viscosity 250...2000 MPa*s. BND 100/130 grade bitumen is universal, it is allowed to be used in all areas of road paving and in regions with mild climate, and BND 70/100 grade bitumen is suitable for all areas where the average monthly temperature in the coldest period of the year does not exceed -20°C, it is recommended for climatic zones. Its residual fractions are high-density low-paraffin sulfur sulfur bituminous oil of Karazhanbas field. The material properties of this road structure were determined using existing specifications and methods, the initial values of which were determined in the following order: Penetration testing is a common laboratory method used to evaluate the elastic properties of bituminous materials such as unblended and polymer-modified bitumen (PMB). It provides a means of determining the rheological properties of bitumen at a given temperature, in particular its hardness or softness. The penetration test involves the insertion of a standard needle into a bitumen sample under conditions established in accordance with STRC 1226-2003. Experiments are often conducted at different temperatures, including 25°C and 0°C. The specimen is heated to the specified test temperature. A vertical position of the needle on the specimen surface is ensured. A specified weight is applied to the needle for a specified time (5 s). The depth of penetration of the needle into the bitumen is measured in tenths of a millimeter or hundredths of an inch increments. The softening point test determines the temperature characteristics of bituminous materials, especially the consistency of bitumen at high temperatures. To obtain accurate and consistent results, established standards such as AASHTO T 53 or ST RK 1227-2003 must be followed, and equipment must be properly calibrated as with any other test. A "ring-ball" device usually consists of two concentric metal rings and a steel ball. The sample is in the body of the ring and the ball is above it. The sample is placed inside the metal ring, the steel ball is placed on top of it, and subjected to controlled heating at a standard rate of 5°C per minute. The softening point is reached when the ball of bituminous substance passes through the specimen and softens to the point where it touches the base of the ring, and the result is perceived visually. A plasticity test machine typically consists of a water bath, a set of brass or metal molds, and a mechanism to force a briquette of asphalt material until the fracture limit is reached. The generally accepted standards for plasticity testing of bitumen are STRC 1374-2005 and AASHTO T 51. A representative sample of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) is placed in a mold and subjected to a forming process to produce compact briquettes. The briquette is formed with a given cross-sectional area. A vertically oriented plasticizer is used to accommodate the cooled briquette. The briquette is frequently subjected to a constant tensile force at a rate of 50 mm per minute. The bituminous substance is subjected to continuous length measurements until it reaches the breaking point. Ductility measurements are made by quantifying the elongation of the bitumen before it fractures, often expressed in millimeters. The Fraas tensile strength test is used to determine the lowest temperature at which a thin layer of bitumen (asphalt) becomes brittle and visibly cracks under certain conditions. This test provides valuable information on the low-temperature characteristics of bitumen and its susceptibility to cracking in cold climates as per STRC 1229-2003. Prepare a thin film of bitumen on a metal or glass surface. The film should be uniform, approximately 30 mm long and 12 mm wide. Allow the cooling system to gradually reduce the temperature of the bitumen sample and record the initial temperature and the end point of the bitumen sample fracture. Further on the new Superpave technology, the concepts and methods for testing bitumen binders according to (AASHTO MP1) "Specification for Performance Classified Bituminous Binders" are also presented. However, before viscosity can be studied, the pavement temperature of the selected area must be determined based on climatic data for the last 20 years. For the top layers, the Superpave program determines the estimated high temperature of the pavement at a depth of 20 mm from the pavement surface and the estimated low temperature at the pavement surface. Based on theoretical analysis of real conditions in heat flux and energy balance models in determining the road surface temperature and typical values of solar energy absorption (0.90), air radiation (0.81), atmospheric radiation (0.70) and wind speed. (4.5 m/s) taking into account the following equation for high design pavement temperature, the formula (3.1) [1] was made: T_20mm=(T_air-0.00618〖Lat〗^2+0.2289Lat+42.2)(0.9545)-17.78 (3.1) where, T_20mm= high coating temperature at a depth of 20 mm; T_air= average seven-day air temperature, ºC; Lat= geographic latitude of the located object, in degrees. The equation to determine the design reduced temperature on the pavement surface is calculated using the value of the reduced air temperature, formula (3.2): T_surf=0,859T_air+1.7 (3.2) where, Та1г – daily air temperature, ºС. Bituminous binders are being investigated in oxidized and non-oxidized states using a new technology. The first tanning method is RTFOT, and it serves two purposes. One is to determine the physical properties of the oxidized bituminous binder after use. The second is to determine by weight the amount of substances that fly off from the bitumen during the pilot process. The loss of flyaway bonds by weight is an indicator of bitumen oxidation during mixing and construction. viscosity should be liquefied at a temperature not exceeding 150°C, then poured into RTFOT flasks of 35 grams in 8 flasks and placed on a platform at a speed of 15 revolutions per minute. The air flow is set at 4000 ml/min and the samples are kept in this position for 85 minutes. The second is PAV (AASHTO PP1) high pressure oxidation, i.e. oxidation during service. The binder was simulated for 20 hours at high temperature and high pressure by PAV method for long-term oxidation, and this bitumen was mixed by RTFOT method to determine its properties after undergoing construction processes. The samples are placed in 10 sample trays of at least 50 g each and the pressure vessel is tested at a pressure of 2070 kPa and a test temperature of 90°C, 100°C or 110°C. The principle of operation of the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) is as follows: bitumen is "placed" between two parallel plates, one of which is stationary and the other is moved by vibration, with the center line of the plate so that the direction of movement can be controlled from one point to the other. All Superpave dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests are conducted at a frequency of approximately 1.59 Hz (cycles per second) and a velocity of 10 rad/sec. Dynamic Shear Rheometers are used to determine the viscosity and elasticity properties of bituminous binders by measuring the complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ). Permanent deformation is controlled by limiting G*/sinδ at test temperatures above 1.00 kPa for the original unmodified binder and 2.20 kPa after RTFOT oxidation. A test temperature of 5000 kPa and low pressure for post-multiple coating cracking is controlled by limiting the G^*sinδ of the oxidized material. The rotary viscometer automatically calculates the viscosity at the test temperature. Viscosity is determined by measuring the torque required to maintain a constant rotational speed of the cylindrical spindle (20 rpm motor for testing purposes) while immersing a sample of bituminous binder at a constant temperature. The amount of bitumen used is typically 8-11 g and varies with the size of the spindle. Some rotational viscometers use centipoise (cP) for reading, while the Superpave specification uses pascal seconds, Pa*s, converting from 1000 cP = 1 Pa*s, and this specification requires a maximum of 3 Pa*s. The name "beam bending rheometer" (BBR) comes from the geometry of the test specimen and the method of loading in the test. The BBR test measures how much a binder loosens or slides under a constant load and constant temperature. By applying a constant load to the bituminous hammer and measuring the deflection at its center, the spring stiffness (S) and spring rate (m) can be calculated over a 4-minute test procedure. The fixed creep load simulates the thermal stresses that gradually build up in the pavement as the temperature drops. A preload of 30 mN is applied manually to ensure that the beam is firmly connected to the supports. A support load of 980 mN is then applied for one second using the BBR software. The load is then reduced to the preload level during a 20-second recovery period. The 980 tons of load falls on the arch in 240 seconds. After 240 seconds, the test load is automatically removed and the rheometer computer program calculates the creep stiffness and creep rate. The BBR software calculates the hardness in 60 seconds; the Superpave specification requires that the creep hardness not exceed 300 MPa in 60 seconds. In addition, the composition of the asphalt mixture and the effective viscosity index of the bitumen were calculated according to the requirements of the new technology and tested for rutting formation. According to the technical document EN 12697-22, the tests were carried out with two parallel and two different methods of asphalt concrete mix preparation on a 20-4000 wheel caliber test machine (or Hamburg wheel machine) preheated to 60°C for each sample with different polymer mixtures. The test machine was simulated for 20 hours of experimentation, performing 10,000 cycles and 20,000 starts. The specifications require a depth of no more than 3 mm. The main provisions (proven scientific hypotheses and other conclusions that are new knowledge) introduced for the defense The study was conducted to assess the effect of air temperature and changes in climatic parameters on pavement performance and to calculate the pavement using the new Superpave technology. The research investigated various aspects of the relationship and mixing technology of domestic bituminous binder with a range of new polymers such as SBS, Butonal NS198, Titan 3686 offered in Kazakhstan. Using a rotating viscometer, the optimum mixing and compaction temperature was determined to ensure the workability of polymer bitumen for road paving. The correlation and interaction of proposed ratios by contractors was also analyzed, and the fulfillment of the requirements of the state technical document was compared using both traditional and new Superpave method. The optimum ratio at which the polymers have optimum properties was determined, and the polymer bitumen and pure bituminous binder PG values developed using the new Superpave method were determined. In addition, the new Superpave technology was compared with the traditional method in the preparation of asphalt concrete mixture, and the features and advantages of this approach were identified. Description of the main results of the research A scientific study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using a rational material in the construction of road surfaces. The study aimed to increase efficiency, durability, and effectiveness in the construction and repair of roads. The study involved theoretical and experimental research on hot bituminous mineral materials based on bitumen-polymer binders. 1. At a global level, in the domain of road construction, the durability of asphalt concrete pavement is enhanced by modifying bituminous binders with various additives, particularly polymers. World scientists have identified effective rates, and initially, 2.5%-4% of the total binder mass is obtained. 2. According to the climatic fluctuations in Kazakhstan, the temperature of the road surface in the city of Shymkent has been observed during the last two decades, namely from 2000 to 2020. Considering climate variations, the temperature of the road surface at a depth of 20 mm was used to calculate the value of PG 64-22. It was concluded that in order to determine the recommended bitumen viscosities, it is necessary to modify them based on the effects of road loads and speeds. 3. The research on the technology of combining polymers with asphalt binder shown that the techniques vary based on the polymer's composition, volume, exterior properties, as well as the mixing temperature, speed, and ways of addition. As an example, the liquid polymer was poured gradually in little drops for BTNL, whilst the powdered B+SBS and B+Titan were added in small amounts using a spoon, and alternative mixing methods were also used. When considering the fundamental properties of these polymers, the process of creating a polymer bitumen binder for elastomers requires more effort, energy, and time compared to manufacturing a plastomer. Furthermore, it is recognized that elastomers excessively elevate the viscosity level, leading to challenges in the formulation of asphalt concrete. The assumptions were addressed by using the rotating viscometer equipment to measure the viscosity mixing temperature and densification temperatures. SBS, Butonal NS198, and Titan 3686 are various types of polymers that can be used as suitable coatings for asphalt concrete. These polymers, when mixed with domestic polymers and using appropriate mixing technology, have viscosity parameters that are very similar to those of unmixed bitumen. They are particularly suitable for warm regions of the country, with recommended mixing and compaction temperatures of 144ºC and 149ºC. Titan 3686 has been identified as resistant to trace formation. However, Butonal NS198 polymer does not meet the requirements of local standards and norms without the recommended addition of 3.5% admixture. It is considered a subpar polymer for road paving due to its rapid cooling at the recommended amount and its viscosity-based mixing and compaction temperature exceeding 165 ºС. 4. A study was conducted to analyze the performance of polymeric binders made from elastomers and plastomers. The addition of elastomers and plastomers to viscous oil bitumen was discovered to significantly alter its viscosity structure. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three distinct polymers, namely SBS, Butonal NS198, and Titan 3686, with two different penetration rates, 70/100 and 100/130, in two different bituminous materials. The findings obtained from this study indicated favorable outcomes for all tested polymers. There were variations between them, both in the way they were mixed and in the outcomes, which were influenced by the unique features of the polymers and the level of viscosity of the bitumen. According to the findings, when polymers are combined with bitumen, the resulting mixture exhibits greater resistance to higher temperatures compared to unmixed bitumen. Additionally, the mixture becomes harder and denser. At lower temperatures, all polymer-bitumen combinations perform equally. However, it is worth noting that the mixture has a higher ignition temperature than pure bitumen. In comparison to the initial bitumen, it exhibited a fatigue strength that was more than three times higher due to the development of wheel marks and other external influences. 5. The characteristics of bitumen and polymerized bitumen were identified by experimental analysis using both classic and innovative technologies. The previously overlooked process of bitumen oxidation during asphalt concrete production has now been considered. Both pure bitumen and modified bitumen were subjected to experimental testing for short-term and long-term oxidation. The study aimed to examine the long-term behavior of these materials. The study examined the impact of prolonged oxidation on the hardness and relaxation performance of bituminous binders using advanced BBR equipment. The results indicated that the binders, which were tested considering the oxidation process during production and use, did not exhibit significant changes in their low temperature properties across all three types of polymers. The study concluded that both polymer and polymer-free bitumen road surfaces have high resistance to low temperatures, withstanding temperatures as low as -22°C. The aforementioned variables concluded that the polymer modified bitumen binder's capacity to withstand low-temperature fracture was not notably different from that of pure bitumen. The DSR approach was used to conduct viscosity and elasticity tests on both basic and modified bitumens, in accordance with the new Superpave technology. The impact of modifiers and the influence of viscosity, structural characteristics, and rheological parameters on modified bitumen under external loading conditions were assessed. The use of modifying polymer additives has been discovered to result in enhanced elastic characteristics of materials, hence enabling an augmentation in the cold shear resistance and a reduction in the hardness of asphalt concrete. The precise kind of bitumen and the load resistance of the pavement were experimentally tested utilizing DSR equipment during numerous stress rebound recovery (MSCR) tests. Based on the findings, the inclusion of polymers greatly enhances the ability to withstand loads in comparison to pure bitumen. It is evident that polymer bitumen has identical load characteristics to pure bitumen. The new technology's findings indicate that the bitumen type with a penetration index of 70-100 is classified as PG 64-22 V, which corresponds to "extreme traffic" conditions with potential load capacities (ESALs) exceeding 30 million and a speed of 20 km/h. The 100-130 penetration bitumen often used in the northern areas of Kazakhstan has a PG 58-22 V rating, signifying its suitability for high traffic conditions. Specifically, it can handle ESALS load capacity over 30 million at road surface temperatures ranging from 58 °C down to -22 °C. Furthermore, it is capable of withstanding speeds below 20 km/h. Furthermore, during the process of determining the index of polymer-modified bitumens using three different polymers for bituminous viscosity with the second penetration indices ranging from 100 to 130, it was observed that the B + SBS and B + BTNL elastomers exhibited a PG 70-22 H rating. This rating indicates that the coating can withstand a load of 10M to 30M ESALs at speeds between 20-70 km/h, which corresponds to "heavy traffic". On the other hand, the results for B+Titan plastomer showed a hardness rating of PG 76-22, indicating a higher temperature resistance compared to the other polymers. Rationale for the novelty and significance of the results Theoretical significance: The research work holds both theoretical and practical significance due to its recognition of the importance of new technology in the selection, planning, and decision-making process for specific materials in the design of asphalt concrete pavements. Additionally, it addresses the necessity of modifying existing methods and scientific and technical documents currently employed in the country. Universities, research institutes, and both public and private organizations involved in the construction and design of asphalt concrete mixtures might use the findings and suggestions from this study for their own projects and research endeavors. Scientific novelty The following results were released regarding the protection of a scientific innovation: - The PG values of binders were determined through experimental and theoretical analysis of the impact of climatic factors on three different types of binders: SBS, Butonal NS198, Titan 3686 polymerized binders, and pure bitumen. - Laboratory tests were conducted to study asphalt binder and asphalt concrete pavement using the new Superpave technology and a method to calculate the composition of asphalt concrete pavement. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the potential utility of selecting appropriate polymer-bitumen binders in the design of asphalt concrete pavement. It also highlighted the advantages of Superpave technology compared to the methods currently employed in our country. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of considering the effects of climate change and traffic loads, as well as the significance of planning the appropriate pavement mixture for the intended area. Notably, this aspect has not been previously addressed in prior research. The selection of polymers and the consideration of mixing methods play a crucial role in optimizing the viscosity of bitumen, based on their unique features and characteristics. Individual consideration, planning, and optimization are essential in this process. It became evident that the contracting institutions' polymer rates do not instantly align with the relevant index for domestic materials. During the dissertation research, it was discovered that 3.5% of Butonal NS fails to fulfill the criteria given in the state scientific and technical document. This particular feature has not been thoroughly examined in prior studies. The study findings included calculating the temperature of the asphalt concrete pavement in the city of Shymkent. The calculations were based on the map provided in the state document R RK 218-96-2013. The results were substantial and indicated the need for an update. Based on an analysis of the population and transport systems, it is evident that the currently proposed bituminous binder needs to be enhanced in order to improve its strength. Among the three polymers tested, Titan 3686 demonstrates good resistance. The viscosity level of this polymer during the road paving process is deemed appropriate for the task. However, it is worth noting that Butonal NS and SBS have high mixing and compaction temperatures, necessitating specific heating levels during pavement construction. Superpave technology has been extensively researched and acknowledged as a promising method for correctly assessing the characteristics of bitumen binder and its modification with polymers. Furthermore, the current method employed in the design of asphalt concrete mixture presents fewer issues compared to Superpave technology. Specifically, it reduces the depth of the road by 16.7% and increases the time between repairs, resulting in a 20-30% increase in the service life of the road surface. It was discovered that it leads to an increase of pavement life servant. The first performance grades (PG) were examined and computed of domestic bituminous binders, both unmodified and modified with polymers. Practical significance: of this work lies in the creation and application of precise scientific proposals and technical solutions that enhance the effectiveness of constructing and repairing road surfaces through the use of bitumen-polymer binders. These binders possess the necessary physico-mechanical properties tailored to the region's climatic conditions, traffic loads, and economic considerations. Is addressing a scientific topic that has significant economic implications. Regional papers for the state provide scientific recommendations and technical choices about the use of road bituminous materials made from modified bitumen. These recommendations and decisions pertain to the building and maintenance of road surfaces, as well as the installation of surface treatments. The findings from theoretical research in the area of polymer modification of bitumen and bituminous mixtures, as well as the specifications for viscous substances and materials derived from them, are appropriate for incorporation into the curriculum of university courses on road construction materials and technology. Compliance with the directions of development of science or state programs The selection of the asphalt concrete mix composition is a crucial and often encountered problem in road building projects, since it plays a vital role in the road construction industry. The method entails integrating scientific advancements, such as asphalt binder modification, polymers, and industrial waste reuse, with the objectives of sustainable infrastructure development, long-term durability, cost-effectiveness, and innovation in the transportation industry. Modifying the asphalt binder is crucial in building asphalt concrete pavements that have exceptional performance qualities, enabling them to endure heavy traffic, unfavorable weather conditions, and provide long-lasting durability. The research on asphalt binder modification aims to enhance the properties of the binder in order to enhance its performance and longevity. The factors described above include enhanced resistance to cracking, fracture, fatigue, moisture, and oxidation. The Superpave system is a crucial technology that aids in achieving asphalt binder modification objectives. Superpave technology is a comprehensive approach to constructing asphalt mixes that considers the properties of aggregates, asphalt binders, and additives in order to create pavements that have both elasticity and long-lasting performance. The combination of contemporary test methodologies, performance-based criteria, and quality control systems ensures the creation of high-quality asphalt mixes. Government efforts often highlight the significance of performance-based standards for asphalt pavements. Science is crucial in the process of creating testing methods and performance criteria for asphalt binders and admixtures. This involves assessing the rheological properties, stiffness, fatigue strength, and other attributes of the modified binders to ensure that they fulfill predetermined performance parameters. Emphasis on sustainability and environmental impact has become an important aspect of modern government operations. Science is crucial in the development of ecologically friendly techniques for modifying asphalt binder. These techniques include the use of recycled materials, bio-based modifiers, warm mix asphalt technology, and the reduction of energy usage throughout the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the use of science-based techniques for modifying asphalt binders seeks to enhance the long-term resilience of road surfaces while also maximizing cost-effectiveness. The study involves examining the impact of different modifiers, additives, and composite designs on the durability of coatings over an extended period of time. Government measures that enhance resilience may effectively decrease maintenance and rehabilitation expenses, resulting in more financially feasible infrastructure solutions. The introduction of breakthrough technologies and best practices into government programs may be facilitated by cooperation among research institutions, industry stakeholders, and government agencies. This collaboration promotes innovation and technology transfer. This study focuses on exploring novel binder modifiers, evaluating performance using advanced methods, developing pavement design approaches, and implementing construction strategies to enhance the efficacy of asphalt binder modification in high performance pavements. In government initiatives, it is customary to provide money for the training and education of engineers, contractors, and transportation experts. The dissemination of scientific knowledge is crucial for enabling stakeholders to comprehend the core ideas of asphalt binder modification, Superpave technology, and optimum methods for constructing and maintaining high-performance asphalt pavements. Description of the contribution of the candidate to each publication: Articles in international peer-reviewed scientific journals with a percentile by CiteScore of at least 25 (twenty-five) in the Scopus database: The Polymer Effects on Bitumen Performance Properties in Kazakhstan / Kosparmakova Samal, Murat Guler, Bazarbayev Daniyar, Kaliyeva Zhanar, & Kozhas Aigul // International Journal of GEOMATE. — 2022. — Vol.23, Issue 100, pp.34-43 ISSN: 2186-2982 (P), 2186-2990 (O), Japan, https://doi.org/10.21660/2022.100.3646; CiteScore: 1.7, Процентиль: 39%. Articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals recommended by the Committee for Quality Assurance in the Sphere of Education and Science of the MES RK: An Advanced Method For The Development of Highly reliable Asphalt / Kosparmakova S.A., Shashpan Zh.A., Guler M.,. // Complex Use of Mineral Resources; Volume 326, No. 3, 2023; P. 29-38; DOI: https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.27 A Study of Superpave Design Gyrations for High Traffic Surface Mixtures / Kosparmakova S.A., Azlan M.N., Fischer D.E. // Complex Use of Mineral Resources; Volume 327, No. 4, 2023; P. 41-49; DOI: https://doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.38 The Effect of Aggregate Gradation on Asphalt Concrete Properties / Kosparmakova S.A., Shashpan Zh.A., Guler M. // Complex Use of Mineral Resources; Volume 328, No. 1, 2024; P. 33-41; DOI: https://doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.04 Investigating the Superpave Mixture Design Approach for Hot-Mix Asphalt in Kazakhstan / Kosparmakova S.A., Shashpan Zh.A., Bazarbayev D.O. // Вестник ЕНУ им. Л.Н.Гумилева, Серия Технические науки и технологии», Астана, Vol.143, No.2, 2023 г.; C. 62-71; DOI: doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-62-71 Articles in other peer-reviewed scientific journals and books: Properties of modified bitumen in road construction / Kosparmakova S.A., Zh.Shakhmov, A.Zhumagulova, A.Kozhahmet, J. Kabdrashit // Technobius, e-ISSN 2789-7338; Volume 3, No. 2, 2023; С. 33-40; https://doi.org/10.54355/tbus/3.2.2023.0040 In 2024, a presentation was given on February 19 at the extended meeting of the Department of «Construction» of the Faculty of Architecture and Construction of L.N. Gumilyov ENU, Astana, Kazakhstan. Structure and scope of work This thesis consists of introduction and main body, which includes 5 chapters, conclusions, references and appendixes. List of references include 142 sources. The work is outlined on 187 pages of printed text and contains 44 figures and 35 tables and 27 formulas. REFERENCES Бурханбайулы Т.Б., Александровна С.Е. 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Komaragiri S. et al. Using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer for Low-Temperature Grading of Asphalt Binders // J. Test. Eval. 2022. Vol. 50. P. 20210277. 7. Pouranian M.R., Haddock J.E. A new framework for understanding aggregate structure in asphalt mixtures // Int. J. Pavement Eng. Taylor & Francis, 2021. Vol. 22, № 9. P. 1090–1106. 8. Superpave: Performance by Design. 9. Zeiada W. et al. Review of the Superpave performance grading system and recent developments in the performance-based test methods for asphalt binder characterization // Constr. Build. Mater. 2022. Vol. 319. P. 126063. 10. Zumrawi M.M.E., Edrees S.A.S. Comparison of Marshall and Superpave Asphalt Design Methods for Sudan Pavement Mixes. Vol. 2, № 1. 11. An Alternative Experimental Method for Measuring the Low Temperature Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder by Using 4mm Parallel Plates on Dynamic Shear Rheometer - Di Wang, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Alexander Alisov, Johannes Schrader, Chiara Riccardi, Michael P. Wistuba, 2019 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0361198119834912 (accessed: 23.11.2023). 12. Büchner J. et al. Development and application of asphalt binder relaxation test in different dynamic shear rheometers // Constr. Build. Mater. 2023. Vol. 364. P. 129929. . . . 184. Yan Y. et al. Cracking performance characterisation of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement with hybrid binder // Road Mater. Pavement Des. Taylor & Francis, 2019. Vol. 20, № 2. P. 347–366. 185. Lee S.-J. et al. Short-term aging characterization of asphalt binders using gel permeation chromatography and selected Superpave binder tests // Constr. Build. Mater. 2008. Vol. 22, № 11. P. 2220–2227. 186. Xiao F. et al. Feasibility of Superpave gyratory compaction of rubberized asphalt concrete mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement // Constr. Build. Mater. 2012. Vol. 27, № 1. P. 432–438. 187. Nicholls J.C. Asphalt Surfacings. CRC Press, 1998. 662 p.
Conclusion of the Research Ethics Committee
Defense of the dissertation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPzfc0XuBQA
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